![]() The disaster prompted worldwide calls for the reactors to be completely decommissioned however, there is still considerable reliance on RBMK facilities for power in Russia. Radioactivity was released over a large portion of Europe. Certain aspects of the original RBMK reactor design, such as the large positive void coefficient, the 'positive scram effect' of the control rods and instability at low power levels, contributed to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in which an RBMK experienced an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction, leading to a steam and hydrogen explosion, large fire, and subsequent core meltdown. The RBMK is an early Generation II reactor and the oldest commercial reactor design still in wide operation. The channels also contain the coolant, and are surrounded by graphite. The name refers to its design where, instead of a large steel pressure vessel surrounding the entire core, the core is surrounded by a cylindrical annular steel tank inside a concrete vault and each fuel assembly is enclosed in an individual 8 cm (inner) diameter pipe (called a "technological channel"). ![]() The RBMK ( Russian: реа́ктор большо́й мо́щности кана́льный, РБМК reaktor bolshoy moshchnosti kanalnyy, "high-power channel-type reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. ![]() 3 small EGP-6 graphite moderated BWR operational.RBMK (Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalniy) Graphite-moderated light water-cooled reactor A fourth reactor was cancelled before completion. View of the Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant site, with three operational RBMK-1000 reactors.
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